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ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: A Complete Guide to Success 

Biology is a very important subject for students of Class 12. The ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus is an important resource for students aiming to excel in their final year of School. This syllabus outlines the key topics and structure of the biology syllabus, preparing students for both their board exams and competitive exams like NEET.

In this article, you will get a detailed overview of the ISC Biology Syllabus Class 12 2025 and how to prepare the best. Students should have a thorough understanding of the syllabus and the important topics to focus more on.

Introduction to ISC Biology Syllabus Class 12 2025

The ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2024-25 is made to build the fundamental knowledge gained in Class 11. It aims to provide a thorough understanding of biological concepts and principles, equipping them with the knowledge required for Board exams and various entrance and competitive exams like NEET. The Class 12 Biology exam is worth 100 marks of which 70 marks are for the theory exam, 15 for the practical, and 15 for the project file. The ISC biology Syllabus contains five units:

Unit 1: Reproduction

Reproduction is a very important unit carrying 16 marks in the CBSE Class 12 Board exam, it includes reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants, Human Reproduction, and Reproductive Health, Here is a detailed breakdown of the unit:

  • Reproduction in Organisms: Different modes of reproduction, asexual reproduction ( Binary fission and budding) and sexual reproduction ( Fertilisation and embryogenesis), the definition of reproduction, Life span and life span of few organisms such as parrot, elephant, horse and cow, vegetative Propagation.

  • Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Structure of Flower, pollination, fertilisation, development of seed and fruit, development of male and female gametophyte, pollen pistil interaction.

  • Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive system, menstrual cycle, gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and oogenesis), fertilisation, pregnancy and embryonic development.

  • Reproductive Health: Contraceptive methods, prevention of sexually transmitted disease, birth control, amniocentesis, assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, surrogacy).

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

Genetic and evolution contains questions of 15 marks in the CBSE Class 12 Biology board exam, this unit includes:

  • Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendelian Genetics, heredity and variation, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, sex determination, linkage and crossing over.

  • Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA structure and replication, RNA, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene regulation and expression, Human Genome Project.

  • Evolution: Origin of life, biological evolution, evidence for evolution, Darwin’s theory, modern synthetic theory of evolution, mutation and recombination, Hardy Weinberg principle, natural selection.

Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare

The third unit of the ISC syllabus Class 12 Biology carries 14 marks weightage in the exam, key topics are:

  • Human Health and Disease: Common diseases in humans (Infectious and non-infectious), pathogens, and parasites causing human disease, immunity, AIDS, cancer, and vaccines.

  • Microbes in Human Welfare:  Role of microbes in household products, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and biocontrol agents.

Unit 4: Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology is the study of genetic material, DNA and RNA, this unit contains a total of 10 marks in the question paper, this unit includes:

  • Biotechnology – Principles and Processes: Recombinant DNA Technology, Genetic Engineering.

  • Biotechnology and its applications: Principles of biotechnology, applications in agriculture ( Bt crops), medicine ( genetically engineered insulin) Stem cell technology, gene therapy, biopiracy and biosafety issues.

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

The 5th and also last unit carries a weightage of a total of 15 marks in the exam, this unit includes:

  • Organisms and Population: Organisms and environment, population interactions ( mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism), population attributes, and growth models.

  • Ecosystem: Ecosystem structure, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids, nutrient cycling, ecosystem services, biomass energy.

  • Biodiversity and Conservation:  Biodiversity levels, importance of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, conservation of biodiversity (in-situ and ex-situ), loss of biodiversity, endangered organisms, national parks and Sanctuaries.

Practical Syllabus for ISC Class 12 Biology

The ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus also includes practical work, which is important for understanding concepts. The practical syllabus typically involves experiments such as:

  • Slide Preparation: Slide preparation may include T.S. of the ovary of a flower, germination of a pollen grain, and L.S. of a monocot or dicot seed.

  • Biochemical Experiments: These experiments require proper procedure and sterilised materials, they may include the study of stomata or the study of different types of Soil.

  • Spotting: Spotting is a very important part of the practical syllabus, you will be provided with three minutes to spot the substance and write a minimum of two points about it. It may include models of Ascaris, a Slide of T.S. of the ovary of a flower etc.

Study Tips for the ISC Class 12 Biology Exam

Here are some study tips to ease your preparation:

  • Use Diagrams, Biology involves multiple topics that are best understood with the help of a diagram.

  • Thoroughly go through the ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 to understand the scope of topics and allocate time accordingly.

  • Regularly revise each topic to retain information, and focus on understanding the concepts.

  • Solve Biology Previous Years’ Question Papers and sample papers to get an idea of the exam pattern, this will also help you in improving time management.

  • You can use additional reference books like Trueman’s Biology, and Dinesh Biology for better and more detailed explanations of the concepts, these books are also equipped with numerous practice questions, and you can also use video lectures provided by numerous YouTube channels for better explanations.

  • Try using the Pomodoro technique while planning your study schedule. This technique includes the addition of small breaks of 5 minutes in between every detailed study session of 30 minutes, this will help you reduce anxiety and burnout.

  • Make quick short notes, these are very helpful for your final revision.

 

The ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 is challenging and designed to provide students with a thorough understanding of Life Science. By carefully studying the syllabus, using the strategies and accessing the right resources, you can excel in your exams. Whether you aim to pursue a career in research, medicine, or pharmacy, mastering the ISC Biology Syllabus Class 12 2025 will be an essential step toward achieving your academic goals.

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